Hydrologic Laboratories are equipped with specialized instruments and equipment to analyze water samples and conduct experiments to understand the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water.

Soil water is typically not collected for analysis in a Hydrologic Laboratory, as it is more commonly studied in soil science laboratories.

Gravimetric analysis involves evaporating a known volume of water and weighing the residue to determine the concentration of dissolved solids.

A pH meter is a specialized instrument used to measure the pH of water, which indicates its acidity or alkalinity.

Turbidity measurements are used to assess the clarity and transparency of water, which can be affected by suspended particles, algae, and other materials.

Atomic absorption spectrometry is a widely used technique for measuring the concentration of heavy metals in water, as it allows for the detection of specific metal ions at low concentrations.

Bioassays are conducted to assess the toxicity of water samples to aquatic organisms, such as fish, invertebrates, and algae, to evaluate the potential impact of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems.

Winkler titration is a widely used method for measuring the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water, involving a series of chemical reactions and titration to determine the oxygen content.

Conductivity measurements are used to assess the concentration of dissolved ions in water, which can provide insights into the overall ionic strength and salinity of the water.

Spectrophotometry is a widely used technique for measuring the concentration of nutrients, such as nitrates and phosphates, in water, as it allows for the detection of specific compounds at low concentrations.

Microbial analyses are conducted to evaluate the presence of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, in water, to assess the potential health risks associated with water consumption or recreational activities.

Total organic carbon analysis is a widely used method for measuring the concentration of organic matter in water, as it provides an estimate of the total amount of organic carbon present.

Sediment analyses are conducted to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and to determine the grain size distribution of sediment, providing insights into the sediment quality and potential contamination.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is a widely used technique for measuring the concentration of pesticides in water, as it allows for the separation, identification, and quantification of specific pesticide compounds.

Water quality assessments involve a comprehensive analysis of various water quality parameters, including the concentration of specific pollutants, pH, dissolved oxygen content, and other indicators, to evaluate the overall quality of water for various uses, such as drinking, irrigation, or industrial purposes.