The First Crusade was launched in response to the Seljuk Turks' capture of Jerusalem in 1071, which made it difficult for Christian pilgrims to visit the city.

Godfrey of Bouillon was a French knight who became the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem after the First Crusade.

The Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099 and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which lasted for nearly 200 years.

The Crusades were motivated by a complex combination of religious, economic, and political factors.

There were seven major Crusades, numbered from the First Crusade in 1095 to the Eighth Crusade in 1270.

The First Crusade was the most successful, as it resulted in the capture of Jerusalem and the establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

The Fourth Crusade was the most disastrous, as it resulted in the sack of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, by the Crusaders.

The Crusades had a profound impact on the Middle East, leading to increased tensions between Christians and Muslims, the decline of the Byzantine Empire, and the spread of trade and cultural exchange between Europe and the Middle East.

The Crusades had a significant impact on Europe, leading to increased religious fervor and the rise of the papacy, the expansion of European trade and commerce, and the spread of new technologies and ideas from the Middle East to Europe.

The Crusades ended in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last major Crusader stronghold in the Holy Land.

The Crusades had a number of long-term consequences, including the rise of nationalism and the decline of feudalism in Europe, increased anti-Semitism and persecution of Jews, and the spread of the Black Death from Asia to Europe.

Joan of Arc was a French peasant girl who led the French army to victory in several battles during the Hundred Years' War, which was a separate conflict from the Crusades.

Jerusalem was the primary target of the First Crusade, as it was the holiest city in Christianity.

Salah ad-Din, also known as Saladin, was the Muslim leader who successfully defended Jerusalem against the Crusaders during the First Crusade.

The Seventh Crusade was led by the French king Louis IX.