Industrial Organization is the study of the behavior of firms and industries in imperfectly competitive markets, including market structure, conduct, and performance.

A monopoly is a market structure characterized by a single firm that controls the entire market, giving it significant market power and the ability to influence prices.

Strategic Interaction refers to the interdependence among firms in an oligopoly, where each firm's decisions and actions affect the outcomes of other firms in the market.

Perfect Competition is a market structure characterized by many buyers and sellers, homogeneous products, and perfect information, leading to efficient allocation of resources.

Market Power refers to a firm's ability to influence the price of its product or service in a market, often due to factors like market share, brand recognition, or control over a key resource.

Cournot Competition is a model of oligopolistic behavior where firms choose their output levels simultaneously, taking into account the expected output of other firms in the market.

Collusion refers to the situation where firms in an oligopoly cooperate and agree to set prices or output levels, often leading to higher prices and reduced competition.

Antitrust Policy refers to government actions and regulations aimed at preventing anti-competitive behavior, promoting competition, and protecting consumers from market power abuses.

The Neoclassical Labor Market Model assumes that wages are determined by the intersection of labor supply and labor demand, where equilibrium wage and employment levels are determined.

Labor Shortage occurs when the quantity of labor supplied is less than the quantity of labor demanded, leading to upward pressure on wages and potential inflationary pressures.

Labor Surplus occurs when the quantity of labor supplied is greater than the quantity of labor demanded, leading to downward pressure on wages and potential unemployment.

Natural Unemployment refers to the unemployment rate that is considered to be the lowest possible rate achievable without causing inflationary pressures due to labor shortages.

Equilibrium Wage is the wage rate that balances the quantity of labor supplied and the quantity of labor demanded, resulting in full employment.

Wage Distortion refers to the difference between the actual wage rate and the equilibrium wage rate, which can be caused by factors like minimum wage laws, unionization, or monopsony power.

Monopsony refers to the situation where a single buyer has significant market power and can influence the wages and working conditions of workers, often leading to lower wages and reduced bargaining power for workers.