Modernization Theory posits that technological advancements and industrialization are the primary catalysts of social change, leading to economic growth, urbanization, and societal transformation.

Dependency Theory contends that the global economic system maintains a hierarchical structure, with developed countries exploiting developing countries through trade, investment, and political influence.

Conflict Theory asserts that social change is driven by the struggle between different social classes, with the dominant class seeking to maintain its power and the subordinate class striving for liberation.

Symbolic Interactionism emphasizes the role of symbols, language, and shared meanings in shaping how individuals interact and make sense of their social world, leading to social change.

Evolutionary Theory posits that social change occurs gradually over time as societies adapt to changing circumstances and internal dynamics, such as population growth, technological advancements, and cultural shifts.

Social Movement Theory focuses on the dynamics of collective action and how social movements mobilize individuals and resources to challenge existing social structures and promote change.

Marxist Theory emphasizes the role of economic factors, particularly class struggle and the dynamics of capitalism, in driving social change and shaping societal structures.

Cyclical Theory proposes that societies undergo a cyclical pattern of change, with periods of growth and prosperity followed by decline and renewal, driven by internal and external factors.

Social Constructivism posits that social reality is constructed and shaped through human interactions and interpretations, with individuals playing an active role in creating and transforming social structures and norms.

Diffusion Theory proposes that social change occurs through the spread of ideas, technologies, and cultural practices from one society to another, often through processes such as trade, travel, and communication.

Institutional Theory posits that social change is influenced by the structures and norms of institutions, such as governments, corporations, and religious organizations, which shape individual behavior and societal patterns.

Structuration Theory proposes that social change is shaped by the interplay between human agency and social structures, with individuals both constrained and enabled by the structures in which they operate.

Technological Determinism posits that technological advancements are the primary drivers of social change, shaping societal structures, cultural norms, and individual behaviors.

Pluralism Theory proposes that social change occurs through the interaction and negotiation between different social groups, each with its own interests and values, leading to compromise and adaptation.

Ecological Theory posits that social change is influenced by environmental factors, such as resource availability, climate change, and natural disasters, which shape human societies and their interactions.