Bioreactor design and operation is a key step in chemical engineering, not bioprocess engineering.

The primary objective of media formulation is to provide the necessary nutrients for cell growth and product formation.

Stirred-tank bioreactors are widely used for large-scale production of microbial products due to their simplicity, scalability, and ease of operation.

Cell immobilization is used to increase cell density and productivity by confining cells to a specific location within the bioreactor.

Chromatography is widely used for product recovery in bioprocess engineering due to its high selectivity and ability to separate products based on their specific properties.

Bioprocess optimization aims to identify and eliminate bottlenecks, reduce production costs, improve product quality, and increase process yield.

Open-loop control is not a common type of bioprocess control strategy because it does not take into account changes in process conditions.

The primary goal of scale-up in bioprocess engineering is to maintain product quality and consistency while increasing production volume.

Cleaning validation is not a common type of bioprocess validation because it is typically performed during process development, not during validation.

The primary purpose of quality control in bioprocess engineering is to ensure the safety and efficacy of the final product.

Mycoplasma contamination is not a common type of bioprocess contamination because mycoplasmas are typically found in animal cells, not in microbial cultures.

Sterilization is essential in bioprocess engineering to prevent contamination, ensure product safety and quality, comply with regulatory requirements, and improve process efficiency.

Chromatographic columns are not typically used in bioprocess equipment because they are used for product recovery, not for cell culture or fermentation.

Downstream processing aims to separate and purify the product from the fermentation broth, remove impurities and contaminants, concentrate the product, and formulate it into a final dosage form.

LIMS is not a common type of bioprocess automation system because it is used for data management, not for process control.