Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things" won the Booker Prize in 1997 and is considered a landmark work in modern Indian literature.

The Progressive Writers' Movement, led by Mulk Raj Anand, aimed to promote social realism and explore themes of class struggle and social justice.

R.K. Narayan's works, such as "Swami and Friends" and "The Guide," are known for their humor, realism, and insightful portrayal of Indian life.

Aravind Adiga's novel "The White Tiger" won the Man Booker Prize in 2008 and is known for its sharp satire and exploration of class inequalities.

The Dalit Movement sought to address the social and economic oppression faced by Dalit communities and promote their rights and equality.

Saadat Hasan Manto's short stories are renowned for their unflinching portrayal of human emotions and the complexities of the human experience.

Kiran Desai's "The Inheritance of Loss" won the Man Booker Prize in 2006 and is known for its exploration of globalization, migration, and the clash of cultures.

Amitav Ghosh's historical fiction novels, such as "The Glass Palace" and "Sea of Poppies," are known for their meticulous research and vivid portrayal of historical events.

Salman Rushdie's works, such as "Midnight's Children" and "The Satanic Verses," are known for their imaginative and surreal elements that blend myth, history, and reality.

Jhumpa Lahiri's novels, such as "The Namesake" and "Interpreter of Maladies," are known for their exploration of the immigrant experience and the challenges of assimilation and identity formation.

Ismat Chugtai's works, such as "The Quilt" and "Lihaaf," are known for their bold and unapologetic portrayal of women's sexuality and desires.

Vikram Seth's novels, such as "A Suitable Boy" and "An Equal Music," are known for their lyrical prose and exploration of universal human themes.

Arundhati Roy's works, such as "The God of Small Things" and "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness," are known for their exploration of political and social issues in contemporary India.

Anita Desai's novels, such as "Clear Light of Day" and "In Custody," are known for their exploration of the inner lives of their characters and the psychological complexities of human relationships.

Amitav Ghosh's works, such as "The Glass Palace" and "Sea of Poppies," are known for their exploration of the cultural and historical connections between India and other parts of the world, particularly the British Empire.