Arms control and disarmament aim to achieve multiple objectives, including eliminating weapons of mass destruction, reducing the risk of armed conflict, and fostering international cooperation and trust.

The NPT, adopted in 1968, is considered the cornerstone of nuclear arms control as it seeks to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and promote nuclear disarmament.

The NPT aims to achieve multiple goals, including limiting the number of nuclear-weapon states, prohibiting the transfer of nuclear weapons to non-nuclear states, and encouraging nuclear disarmament among nuclear-weapon states.

The INF Treaty, signed in 1987 between the United States and the Soviet Union, aimed to eliminate all intermediate-range nuclear missiles from Europe.

The CTBT, adopted in 1996, aims to ban all nuclear weapon test explosions and any other nuclear explosions.

The United Nations, through its various bodies such as the United Nations Security Council and the United Nations Disarmament Commission, plays a crucial role in promoting arms control and disarmament.

Achieving nuclear disarmament faces multiple challenges, including the lack of political will among nuclear-weapon states, the technical difficulties in dismantling nuclear weapons, and the risk of nuclear proliferation.

The United States withdrew from the INF Treaty in 2019, citing Russian violations of the agreement.

The New START Treaty, signed in 2010 between the United States and Russia, aims to reduce the number of strategic nuclear weapons deployed by both countries.

North Korea conducted its first nuclear weapon test in 2006, followed by several more tests in subsequent years.

The BWC, adopted in 1972, aims to prohibit the development, production, and stockpiling of biological weapons, promote international cooperation in the field of biological research, and encourage the peaceful use of biological agents.

The CWC, adopted in 1993, aims to ban the production, stockpiling, and use of chemical weapons.

Achieving arms control and disarmament faces multiple challenges, including the lack of trust among nations, the technical difficulties in verifying compliance, and the political and economic costs of disarmament.

The OPCW, established in 1997, is responsible for monitoring compliance with the CWC and verifying the destruction of chemical weapons.

The UNDC, established in 1952, aims to promote disarmament and arms control negotiations, consider and make recommendations on various disarmament and arms control issues, and provide a forum for multilateral disarmament negotiations.