Distributive justice is an ethical principle that focuses on the fair distribution of resources and benefits among individuals or groups in a society.

The 'polluter pays' principle aims to ensure that those who contribute to pollution bear the costs of reducing or eliminating it, promoting fairness in burden sharing.

Justice, in this context, refers to the idea of intergenerational justice, which emphasizes the responsibility of the present generation to ensure that the actions taken today do not harm the well-being of future generations.

Moral hazard arises when the use of geoengineering techniques creates a perception that it is a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, potentially leading to complacency and a lack of action on emissions reduction.

Biocentrism is an ethical principle that recognizes the inherent value of all living beings and ecosystems, regardless of their instrumental value to humans.

The 'tragedy of the commons' refers to the situation where individuals acting in their own self-interest overuse a shared resource, leading to its depletion. In the context of climate change, this can occur when countries or individuals fail to reduce their emissions, expecting others to do so.

Autonomy, in this context, refers to the right of indigenous peoples and local communities to make decisions about their own lives and territories, including how to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

The 'adaptation gap' refers to the difference between the adaptation needs of vulnerable communities and the resources available to meet those needs. This gap raises ethical concerns about the fair distribution of resources and the responsibility of wealthier countries to support adaptation efforts in developing countries.

Cumulative impacts assessment is an ethical principle that requires decision-makers to consider the combined effects of multiple climate change policies and actions on vulnerable populations, ensuring that these impacts are not disproportionately negative.

Moral hazard, in this context, refers to the risk that climate change mitigation policies may create a perception that the problem is being solved, leading to complacency and a lack of action on emissions reduction.

Sustainability is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of considering the long-term consequences of actions, ensuring that they do not undermine the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Moral hazard, in this context, refers to the risk that the use of carbon offsets may create a perception that it is a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, potentially leading to complacency and a lack of action on emissions reduction.

Cultural relativism is an ethical principle that recognizes the importance of respecting the cultural and social values of different communities, including their perspectives on climate change and appropriate responses.

Technology lock-in refers to the situation where a particular technology becomes dominant and difficult to replace, even if more sustainable alternatives become available. This raises ethical concerns about the potential for path dependency to hinder the transition to a low-carbon economy.

Animal rights is an ethical principle that recognizes the inherent value of non-human animals and their right to be treated with respect and consideration, including in the context of climate change policy.