Civil litigation aims to settle conflicts between individuals, organizations, or entities through the legal system, rather than addressing criminal offenses or enforcing regulations.

Criminal offenses are not typically handled through civil litigation, as they involve violations of criminal laws and are prosecuted by the government.

In civil litigation, the plaintiff, or the party who believes they have been wronged, initiates the legal action by filing a complaint with the court.

The judge's primary role in civil litigation is to hear evidence, determine the facts of the case, and make a decision that resolves the dispute between the parties.

All of the options listed are common types of evidence presented in civil litigation.

The purpose of a civil trial is to resolve disputes between private parties by presenting evidence, examining witnesses, and allowing the judge or jury to make a decision.

In civil litigation, a jury's role is to listen to evidence, determine the facts of the case, and reach a verdict that resolves the dispute between the parties.

Criminal penalties are not typically awarded in civil litigation, as they are reserved for criminal offenses.

The process of challenging a civil court decision by bringing it to a higher court for review is called an appeal.

Litigation is not an ADR method, as it refers to the process of resolving disputes through the court system.

The primary goal of ADR in civil litigation is to facilitate the resolution of disputes between parties outside of the traditional court system.

Litigation clauses are not typically used in ADR, as they refer to clauses that require disputes to be resolved through the court system.

The role of a mediator in ADR is to facilitate communication and negotiation between parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable resolution to their dispute.

Court judgment is not an ADR outcome, as it refers to the decision made by a judge or jury in a court case.

ADR offers several advantages over traditional litigation, including faster and less expensive proceedings, greater control over the outcome, and increased confidentiality.