Martin Luther is widely regarded as the father of the Reformation due to his Ninety-Five Theses, which challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation.

Martin Luther posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, Germany, on October 31, 1517.

Martin Luther's primary disagreement with the Catholic Church was the sale of indulgences, which he believed undermined the true meaning of repentance and forgiveness.

Sola fide (faith alone), sola scriptura (scripture alone), and sola gratia (grace alone) are fundamental principles of Lutheran theology.

John Calvin was a French Reformer who established a theocracy in Geneva, Switzerland, based on his theological principles.

The Thirty-Nine Articles were a set of religious doctrines adopted by the Church of England in 1563, defining its position on various theological issues.

Geneva, Switzerland, became a prominent center of Calvinism under the leadership of John Calvin, attracting reformers and scholars from across Europe.

The Anglican Reformation was a religious movement in England that led to the establishment of the Church of England, separate from the authority of the Pope.

Predestination, limited atonement, and irresistible grace are central doctrines in Calvinist theology.

Ulrich Zwingli was a Swiss Reformer who advocated for simplicity in worship, rejected infant baptism, and played a significant role in the Reformation in Zurich.

The Reformation led to the division of Western Christianity into Protestant and Catholic branches, sparked religious wars, and weakened the authority of the Catholic Church.

The Counter-Reformation was a response by the Catholic Church to address the challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation.

Adult baptism, separation of church and state, and pacifism are fundamental beliefs among Anabaptists.

Puritanism was a religious movement in England that sought to purify the Church of England and emphasize personal religious experience.

The Reformation contributed to the spread of literacy, the rise of individualism, and the decline of superstition in Europe.