Nationalism is characterized by a strong belief in the superiority of one's own nation and a desire to promote its interests above those of other nations.

Imperialism often involves the economic exploitation of colonies, with the imperial power extracting resources and labor from the colonized territories.

The primary motivation for European imperialism in the 19th century was economic expansion and the search for new markets for goods and raw materials.

Portugal was the first European country to establish a global empire, beginning with its exploration and colonization of Africa, Asia, and South America in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Dominion Status was the British policy of granting self-government to its colonies, allowing them to control their own internal affairs while remaining part of the British Empire.

Haiti was the first country to gain independence from European colonial rule, following a successful slave rebellion in 1791.

Mohandas Gandhi was the Indian National Congress leader who advocated for nonviolent resistance to British rule, a strategy known as Satyagraha.

Ghana was the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule, achieving independence from Great Britain in 1957.

Sun Yat-sen was the Chinese nationalist leader who led the revolution against the Qing dynasty, founding the Republic of China in 1912.

Zimbabwe was the last country to gain independence from British colonial rule, achieving independence in 1980.

Pan-Europeanism was the European movement that sought to unify the continent under a single political and economic system.

Russia was the first country to adopt a communist government, following the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.

Containment was the Cold War policy of containing the spread of communism, pursued by the United States and its allies.

The United States was the first country to achieve nuclear weapons capability, detonating its first nuclear bomb in 1945.

The United Nations was the international organization established to promote peace and security after World War II.