Which psychological concept refers to the tendency for individuals to favor outcomes that benefit themselves or their group, even at the expense of others?

According to Social Identity Theory, individuals tend to categorize themselves and others into social groups. What is the psychological process by which individuals seek to maintain a positive self-image and enhance their social identity?

In the context of economic justice, what does the concept of 'distributive fairness' refer to?

Which psychological principle suggests that individuals tend to perceive outcomes as fairer when they are determined by procedures that are seen as fair, regardless of the actual distribution of outcomes?

According to Equity Theory, individuals strive to maintain a sense of fairness in their relationships by comparing their inputs (e.g., effort, resources) and outcomes (e.g., rewards, recognition) with those of others. What is the psychological state that results when individuals perceive an imbalance between their inputs and outcomes?

What is the psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals tend to attribute their successes to internal factors (e.g., skill, effort) and their failures to external factors (e.g., bad luck, unfair circumstances)?

In the context of economic justice, what does the concept of 'meritocracy' refer to?

Which psychological principle suggests that individuals tend to perceive outcomes as fairer when they are seen as the result of individual effort and merit, rather than luck or arbitrary factors?

What is the psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals tend to favor outcomes that benefit their in-group (e.g., their family, friends, or social group) over outcomes that benefit out-group members?

According to Prospect Theory, how do individuals tend to evaluate gains and losses differently?

What is the psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals tend to perceive outcomes as fairer when they are seen as the result of a fair process, even if the actual distribution of outcomes is unequal?

Which psychological principle suggests that individuals tend to perceive outcomes as fairer when they are seen as the result of individual effort and merit, rather than luck or arbitrary factors?

What is the psychological phenomenon that occurs when individuals tend to favor outcomes that benefit their in-group (e.g., their family, friends, or social group) over outcomes that benefit out-group members?

According to Prospect Theory, how do individuals tend to evaluate gains and losses differently?

Which psychological principle suggests that individuals tend to perceive outcomes as fairer when they are seen as the result of a fair process, even if the actual distribution of outcomes is unequal?