Madhava of Sangamagrama, who lived in the 14th century, is widely recognized for his contributions to calculus, including the development of the concept of the derivative.

Madhava of Sangamagrama developed the Gregory Series, a method for approximating the value of a function using a series expansion.

Bhaskara II, who lived in the 12th century, made significant contributions to the development of the calculus of variations, particularly in the context of solving problems related to astronomy.

Bhaskara II developed the Bisection Method, a numerical method for finding the roots of an equation by repeatedly dividing the interval containing the root in half.

Brahmagupta, who lived in the 6th century, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of interpolation, particularly in the context of astronomical calculations.

Brahmagupta developed his own interpolation formula, known as Brahmagupta's Interpolation Formula, for approximating the value of a function at a given point using known values at other points.

Nilakantha Somayaji, who lived in the 15th century, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of infinite series, particularly in the context of trigonometric functions.

Nilakantha Somayaji developed the Nilakantha Series, an infinite series for approximating the value of the sine function.

Ganesha Daivajna, who lived in the 16th century, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of differential equations, particularly in the context of solving problems related to astronomy.

Ganesha Daivajna developed his own method for solving differential equations, known as Ganesha Daivajna's Method.

Sridhara Acharya, who lived in the 12th century, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of probability, particularly in the context of solving problems related to gambling.

Sridhara Acharya's work on probability is contained in his book Trilokasara.

Varahamihira, who lived in the 6th century, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of number theory, particularly in the context of solving problems related to astronomy.

Varahamihira's work on number theory is contained in his book Brihat Samhita.

Pingala, who lived in the 2nd century BC, made significant contributions to the development of the theory of combinatorics, particularly in the context of solving problems related to prosody.

Pingala's work on combinatorics is contained in his book Chandas Shastra.