Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves sideways. It is the most common musculoskeletal condition in children.

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis. It is a condition in which the spine curves sideways for no known reason.

The symptoms of scoliosis can include back pain, uneven shoulders, one hip higher than the other, and a rib hump.

Scoliosis is diagnosed with a physical exam, X-ray, and MRI.

Scoliosis is treated with observation, bracing, and surgery.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most common type of arthritis in children. It is a condition in which the joints become inflamed.

The symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis can include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and fever.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is diagnosed with a physical exam, blood test, and X-ray.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is treated with medication, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and surgery.

Osteosarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer in children. It is a cancer that starts in the cells that make bone.

The symptoms of osteosarcoma can include bone pain, swelling, tenderness, and fever.

Osteosarcoma is diagnosed with a physical exam, X-ray, MRI, and biopsy.

Osteosarcoma is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy.

Muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscle disorder in children. It is a group of genetic disorders that cause the muscles to weaken and waste away.

The symptoms of muscular dystrophy can include muscle weakness, muscle wasting, difficulty walking, and difficulty breathing.

Muscular dystrophy is diagnosed with a physical exam, blood test, muscle biopsy, and genetic testing.

Muscular dystrophy is treated with medication, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and surgery.