Polygamy refers to the practice where an individual has multiple spouses simultaneously.

Monogamy is the practice where an individual has only one spouse at a time.

Polygamy has been practiced in various historical and cultural contexts, including Ancient Rome, Medieval Europe, Islamic Societies, and Sub-Saharan Africa.

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, explicitly permits polygamy under certain conditions.

Polygamy has been associated with potential benefits such as increased economic stability, higher social status, enhanced reproductive success, and improved emotional well-being.

Polygamy can pose challenges such as increased financial burden, power imbalances within the family, jealousy and conflict among spouses, and limited opportunities for individual growth.

Polygamy is currently legal in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Nigeria, among others.

Polygamy is illegal in India under the Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 and the Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act of 1937.

Functionalism, a sociological theory, emphasizes the importance of monogamy in maintaining social order and stability.

Feminist perspectives generally view polygamy as a form of oppression against women, arguing that it perpetuates gender inequality and undermines women's rights.

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) explicitly prohibits polygamy as a form of discrimination against women.

Cultural relativist perspectives argue that polygamy should be tolerated as a cultural practice, emphasizing the importance of respecting diverse cultural norms and values.

Conflict Theory, a sociological theory, emphasizes the role of power dynamics in shaping marital structures, including polygamy and monogamy.

Evolutionary perspectives argue that polygamy is a natural and adaptive reproductive strategy that has evolved to maximize reproductive success.

Symbolic Interactionism, a sociological theory, emphasizes the importance of individual choice and agency in shaping marital structures, including polygamy and monogamy.