Andragogy, proposed by Malcolm Knowles, is a theory that focuses on the unique characteristics of adult learners, such as their self-directedness, experience, and readiness to learn.

Lifelong learning refers to the ongoing process of acquiring knowledge and skills throughout one's life, regardless of age or formal education.

Adult learners typically prefer learning that is relevant to their lives and immediately applicable, rather than rote memorization.

Experiential learning emphasizes learning through direct experience and reflection, allowing learners to connect theory with practice.

Adult learners typically prefer active and interactive learning methods, rather than traditional lecture-based instruction.

Diagnostic assessment is used to determine a learner's prior knowledge and skills, helping educators to tailor instruction accordingly.

Self-directed learning emphasizes active engagement and reflection, rather than rote memorization.

Summative assessment is used to evaluate a learner's achievement of learning outcomes at the end of a learning program or unit.

Formal education typically refers to traditional schooling, while adult learning programs can include informal, non-formal, and distance education.

Authentic assessment involves evaluating a learner's performance in a real-world context, such as a project or portfolio.

While adult learners may face challenges such as competing responsibilities and negative attitudes, access to financial resources is not typically a specific challenge.

Feedback is the process of providing learners with information about their performance, helping them to identify strengths and areas for improvement.

Adult education typically leads to increased earning potential, not decreased.

Instructional design involves the systematic process of designing, developing, and evaluating learning experiences for adult learners.

Adult educators typically adopt a facilitative and supportive role, rather than a drill sergeant approach.