Inflation is primarily caused by an increase in demand for goods and services, leading to higher prices.

Deflation is primarily caused by a decrease in demand for goods and services, leading to lower prices.

Inflation can lead to increased unemployment as businesses may reduce production and lay off workers due to higher costs.

Deflation can lead to increased purchasing power as consumers can buy more goods and services with the same amount of money.

All of the above options can be potential solutions to inflation, as they can help reduce demand and stabilize prices.

All of the above options can be potential solutions to deflation, as they can help increase demand and stabilize prices.

Inflation can lead consumers to delay purchases, as they expect prices to continue rising in the future.

Deflation can lead consumers to spend more, as they expect prices to continue falling in the future.

Inflation can lead businesses to invest less, as they may be uncertain about the future economic outlook and may prefer to hold onto cash.

Deflation can lead businesses to invest more, as they may see opportunities to expand or improve their operations at lower costs.

Hyperinflation can lead to increased social unrest, as people may become frustrated with the rapidly rising prices and the erosion of their purchasing power.

Severe deflation can lead to increased unemployment, as businesses may reduce production and lay off workers due to lower demand and falling prices.

Inflation erodes the value of savings over time, as the purchasing power of money decreases.

Deflation increases the value of debt over time, as the purchasing power of money increases.

Inflation can lead to increased pessimism among consumers and businesses, as they may become concerned about the future economic outlook.

Deflation can lead to increased anxiety among consumers and businesses, as they may become concerned about job security and the overall health of the economy.