Shipping and fishing activities contribute significantly to plastic pollution in the ocean, as plastic waste from these industries is often discarded or lost overboard.

Ocean acidification has a range of negative impacts on marine life, including weakening the shells of marine organisms, disrupting the ocean's food chain, and leading to coral bleaching.

The primary cause of overfishing is the increasing demand for seafood, driven by population growth and changing dietary preferences.

Coral bleaching is the process by which coral reefs lose their vibrant colors and turn white due to stress factors such as elevated water temperatures or pollution.

The Ross Sea Marine Protected Area in Antarctica is the largest marine protected area in the world, covering an area of over 1.55 million square kilometers.

The California Current is responsible for the formation of fog along the coast of California due to its cold, nutrient-rich waters that create a temperature difference with the warmer air above.

Ocean warming refers to the increase in the temperature of ocean water, primarily due to the absorption of heat from the atmosphere.

A fish kill is a phenomenon where large numbers of fish die and wash ashore due to a lack of oxygen in the water, often caused by pollution or algal blooms.

Bioaccumulation refers to the process by which marine organisms absorb and accumulate toxins from the environment, such as heavy metals or pesticides, in their tissues.

Trawling is a fishing method that involves dragging a large net along the ocean floor, often resulting in bycatch (unintended capture of non-target species) and habitat destruction.

Decomposition is the process by which marine organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, break down and recycle organic matter into simpler substances.

The Paris Agreement is an international agreement that aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius.

Ocean circulation refers to the large-scale movement of ocean water, which transports heat from one region to another and influences global climate patterns.

Nutrient pollution is caused by the discharge of untreated or partially treated sewage and wastewater into the ocean, leading to an excess of nutrients that can cause algal blooms and disrupt marine ecosystems.