Core-Periphery Theory posits that economic development is concentrated in a few core regions, while peripheral regions experience economic decline due to their dependence on the core.

Export-Base Theory emphasizes the role of export-oriented industries in driving regional economic growth through the generation of foreign exchange and employment.

Regional Development Policy specifically targets lagging regions to attract new industries, create jobs, and improve infrastructure, thereby stimulating economic growth.

Cumulative causation refers to the self-reinforcing process where economic growth in developed regions attracts more investment, leading to further growth, while peripheral regions experience economic decline.

GDP per capita is a widely used measure of regional economic disparities, as it reflects the average income level and economic output per person in a region.

Spatial planning aims to guide economic development and land use patterns to achieve a more balanced distribution of economic activity across regions, reducing disparities.

Geographical isolation, such as being remote from major markets or transportation routes, can hinder economic development and contribute to regional disparities.

Regional convergence refers to the process where regional economies become more similar in terms of economic structure, income levels, and development indicators over time.

New Economic Geography Theory focuses on the role of innovation, knowledge spillovers, and agglomeration economies in driving regional economic growth and disparities.

Economic agglomeration refers to the concentration of economic activity in a particular location, leading to increased productivity, innovation, and knowledge spillovers.

Rural Development Policy specifically targets rural areas to promote economic development, improve infrastructure, and enhance access to education and services, thereby reducing disparities with urban regions.

Deindustrialization refers to the process of economic decline and job loss in a particular region or industry, often due to technological changes or shifts in global production patterns.

High levels of income inequality within a region can contribute to regional economic disparities, as the benefits of economic growth may be concentrated among a small group of individuals or areas.

Spatial diffusion refers to the process of economic development and growth spreading from core regions to peripheral regions through trade, investment, and knowledge spillovers.

Special Economic Zone Policy aims to attract foreign investment and promote economic development by creating designated areas with favorable investment conditions, such as tax incentives and simplified regulations.