Marxist theory analyzes sport through the lens of class struggle and economic inequality, arguing that sport often reflects and reinforces existing social hierarchies.

Sport socialization refers to the process through which individuals learn the values, norms, and behaviors associated with sport participation and fandom.

Sport for Development utilizes sport as a means to promote positive social outcomes, such as health, education, gender equality, and peacebuilding.

Sport commercialization involves the transformation of sport into a business enterprise, driven by profit motives and the pursuit of economic gain.

Functionalism views sport as a social institution that serves various functions for society, such as promoting social cohesion, providing entertainment, and fostering physical and mental well-being.

Sport globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and worldwide spread of sport, facilitated by factors such as media, technology, and global sporting events.

Sport for Peace utilizes sport as a means to promote peacebuilding, conflict resolution, and reconciliation between individuals and communities.

Sport spectacle refers to the transformation of sport into a highly produced and entertaining event, often driven by commercial interests and the pursuit of mass appeal.

Feminist theory analyzes sport through the lens of gender inequality and power relations, seeking to understand how gender shapes sport participation, representation, and experiences.

Sport professionalization refers to the transformation of sport into a full-time occupation, involving specialized training, high levels of competition, and significant financial rewards for athletes.