Environmental policy aims to protect human health and the environment from the harmful effects of human activities.

The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.

Pollution shifting refers to the transfer of pollution from one environmental medium (e.g., air) to another (e.g., water) or from one location to another.

Command-and-control regulation is a type of environmental policy instrument that sets a limit on the amount of pollution that can be emitted. This can be done through regulations, standards, or permits.

Environmental impact assessment is the process of assessing the environmental impacts of a proposed project or policy. This involves identifying, predicting, and evaluating the potential environmental effects of the project or policy.

Market-based instruments are a type of environmental policy instrument that uses financial incentives to encourage pollution reduction. This can be done through taxes, subsidies, or tradable permits.

Voluntary agreements are agreements between a government and a company or industry to reduce pollution. These agreements are typically not legally binding, but they can be effective in reducing pollution.

Information-based instruments are a type of environmental policy instrument that provides information to the public about environmental issues. This can be done through public awareness campaigns, education programs, or labeling requirements.

Environmental standard setting is the process of setting environmental standards. These standards can be based on scientific evidence, risk assessment, or other factors.

Information-based instruments are a type of environmental policy instrument that requires companies to report on their environmental performance. This can be done through annual reports, sustainability reports, or other reporting mechanisms.

Environmental enforcement is the process of enforcing environmental regulations. This can be done through inspections, fines, or other enforcement mechanisms.

Market-based instruments are a type of environmental policy instrument that sets a price on pollution. This can be done through taxes, subsidies, or tradable permits.

Environmental policy evaluation is the process of evaluating the effectiveness of an environmental policy. This can be done through surveys, data analysis, or other evaluation methods.

Market-based instruments are a type of environmental policy instrument that provides financial assistance to companies to help them reduce pollution. This can be done through grants, loans, or tax incentives.

Environmental policymaking is the process of developing and implementing environmental policies. This involves identifying environmental problems, developing policy options, and implementing and enforcing policies.