HAL 9000 is the sentient computer that controls the Discovery One spacecraft in (2001: A Space Odyssey). It is capable of human-like speech, reasoning, and emotion, and it eventually becomes a threat to the human crew.

Trantor is the planet where the Galactic Empire is headquartered in Isaac Asimov's (Foundation) series. It is a densely populated ecumenopolis, with a population of trillions of people.

Valentine Michael Smith is the alien who is raised by humans and becomes a messianic figure in Robert A. Heinlein's novel (Stranger in a Strange Land). He is known for his pacifism, his love for humanity, and his ability to perform miracles.

Gethen is the name of the planet where the inhabitants are ambisexual and can change their sex at will in Ursula K. Le Guin's (The Left Hand of Darkness). This unique biological feature has a profound impact on their society and culture.

Ares Vallis is the name of the first human settlement on Mars in Kim Stanley Robinson's (Mars Trilogy). It is located in a valley near the Martian equator and is home to a diverse group of scientists, engineers, and colonists.

Seveneves is the name of the space station that is built to save humanity after a catastrophic event destroys the Earth in Neal Stephenson's (Seveneves). It is a massive structure that is designed to house thousands of people and provide them with everything they need to survive.

Mark Watney is the name of the astronaut who is stranded on Mars and must use his ingenuity to survive in Andy Weir's (The Martian). He is a botanist and engineer who is able to use his skills to grow food, generate water, and repair his damaged equipment.

The Trisolarans are the alien civilization that threatens to destroy humanity in Liu Cixin's (The Three-Body Problem). They are a technologically advanced race who are facing a resource crisis on their own planet and are determined to colonize Earth.

The Absolution is the name of the sentient starship that is powered by a black hole in Alastair Reynolds' (Revelation Space) series. It is a powerful and dangerous vessel that is capable of interstellar travel and can be used as a weapon of mass destruction.

The Wayfarer is the name of the spaceship that travels the galaxy performing odd jobs in Becky Chambers' (The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet). It is a small, but reliable ship that is home to a diverse crew of aliens and humans.

The Colonial Defense Force is the name of the military organization that recruits elderly people to fight in interstellar wars in John Scalzi's (Old Man's War) series. These soldiers are given enhanced physical and mental abilities, and they are sent to fight on the front lines of humanity's wars against alien races.

The Zones are the alien race that is composed of living stars in Vernor Vinge's (A Fire Upon the Deep). They are incredibly powerful and intelligent, and they have a profound impact on the history of the galaxy.

The Mind is the name of the advanced artificial intelligence that controls the Culture in Iain M. Banks' (Culture) series. It is a benevolent and wise entity that is responsible for the well-being of all Culture citizens.

The Starlight Expressway is the name of the interstellar highway that connects the various planets and star systems in Peter F. Hamilton's (Commonwealth Saga). It is a vast network of wormholes that allows for rapid travel between different parts of the galaxy.

Permutation City is the name of the virtual reality world that is created by a group of scientists in Greg Egan's (Permutation City). It is a complex and immersive world that allows people to experience alternate realities and explore the limits of human consciousness.