Geophysics is primarily concerned with the study of the Earth's interior, including its structure, composition, and physical properties.

Gravity surveys measure the Earth's gravitational field to infer information about the density distribution of the subsurface.

P-waves are primarily used to study the Earth's crust because they are the fastest seismic waves and can travel through both solid and liquid materials.

Seismic reflection is a geophysical method that uses seismic waves to create images of subsurface structures by recording the reflections of seismic waves from geological layers.

An earthquake is the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing ground shaking and seismic waves.

Electrical resistivity imaging is a geophysical method that uses electromagnetic waves to measure the electrical resistivity of the subsurface, providing information about the distribution of subsurface materials.

The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth, composed primarily of solid rock, and is typically divided into continental and oceanic crust.

Magnetic surveys measure the Earth's magnetic field to infer information about the distribution of magnetic minerals in the subsurface.

The mantle is the layer of the Earth located between the crust and the outer core, composed primarily of solid rock and is responsible for most of the Earth's volume.

Seismic reflection is a geophysical method that uses seismic waves to create images of subsurface structures by recording the reflections of seismic waves from geological layers.

The inner core is the innermost layer of the Earth, composed primarily of solid iron, and is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field.

Heat flow surveys measure the Earth's heat flow to infer information about the thermal properties of the subsurface and the geothermal gradient.

The outer core is the layer of the Earth located between the outer core and the inner core, composed primarily of liquid iron and is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field.

Magnetotellurics is a geophysical method that utilizes electromagnetic waves to study the electrical conductivity of the subsurface by measuring natural variations in the Earth's magnetic and electric fields.

An earthquake is the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, causing ground shaking and seismic waves.