Nationalism is primarily defined by a sense of cultural and historical unity among a group of people, rather than by political or economic factors.

Economic inequality is not a common cause of nationalism, as it can lead to class conflict within a nation rather than a sense of national unity.

Chauvinism is the belief that one's nation is superior to all others, often leading to aggressive nationalism and imperialism.

Cultural diversity is not a potential consequence of nationalism, as nationalism often leads to the suppression of minority cultures in favor of a dominant national culture.

Globalization is the process by which nations become increasingly interconnected and interdependent through trade, investment, and cultural exchange.

The spread of democracy is not a contemporary manifestation of nationalism, as it is a political system that can accommodate diverse national identities.

Isolationism is the belief that one's nation should be independent from foreign influence and avoid involvement in international affairs.

Economic inequality is not a potential challenge to nationalism, as it can actually contribute to nationalist sentiment by creating a sense of economic grievance.

Internationalism is the belief that all nations are equal and should cooperate with each other to solve global problems.

Political stability is not a potential benefit of nationalism, as nationalism can often lead to political instability and conflict.

Cultural assimilation is the belief that one's nation should be united under a single language and culture, often through the suppression of minority cultures.

Increased environmental degradation is not a potential consequence of globalization, as globalization can actually promote sustainable development and environmental cooperation.

Authoritarianism is the belief that one's nation should be led by a strong and authoritarian leader who has absolute power.

Technological innovation is not a potential challenge to globalization, as it can actually promote globalization by facilitating trade, investment, and cultural exchange.

Sovereignty is the belief that one's nation should be free from foreign control and influence and has the right to make its own laws and policies.