First-Order Logic

Description: This quiz covers the fundamental concepts and principles of First-Order Logic, a branch of mathematical logic that deals with the study of formal languages and their use in reasoning and proof.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: first-order logic mathematical logic formal languages reasoning proof
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In First-Order Logic, a predicate is a function that maps a tuple of terms to a truth value.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A predicate in First-Order Logic is a property or relation that can be applied to a tuple of terms to determine its truth value.

Which of the following is a valid quantifier in First-Order Logic?

  1. ¬


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

∀ (universal quantifier) and ∃ (existential quantifier) are valid quantifiers in First-Order Logic.

The domain of discourse in First-Order Logic refers to the set of objects over which the variables in a formula can range.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The domain of discourse specifies the universe of objects that the variables in a formula can refer to.

In First-Order Logic, a term can be a variable, a constant, or a function applied to other terms.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Terms in First-Order Logic represent objects or entities in the domain of discourse.

The principle of universal generalization in First-Order Logic states that if a formula is true for all values of a variable in a domain, then it is universally true.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The principle of universal generalization allows us to infer a universally quantified formula from a formula that holds for all values of a variable.

Which of the following is a logical connective in First-Order Logic?

  1. ¬


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

∧ (conjunction), ∨ (disjunction), and ¬ (negation) are logical connectives in First-Order Logic.

In First-Order Logic, a well-formed formula (WFF) is a formula that is syntactically correct and follows the rules of the language.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A well-formed formula in First-Order Logic is a formula that is constructed according to the rules of the language.

The satisfiability of a formula in First-Order Logic refers to the existence of an interpretation that makes the formula true.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A formula in First-Order Logic is satisfiable if there exists an interpretation that assigns truth values to its variables such that the formula evaluates to true.

In First-Order Logic, a model of a formula is an interpretation that makes the formula true.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A model of a formula in First-Order Logic is an interpretation that assigns truth values to the variables in the formula such that the formula evaluates to true.

The deductive closure of a set of formulas in First-Order Logic is the set of all formulas that can be derived from the given set using the rules of inference.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The deductive closure of a set of formulas in First-Order Logic is the set of all formulas that can be logically inferred from the given set.

Which of the following is a rule of inference in First-Order Logic?

  1. Modus Ponens

  2. Universal Instantiation

  3. Existential Generalization

  4. Resolution


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Modus Ponens is a rule of inference in First-Order Logic that allows us to infer a formula from two other formulas.

In First-Order Logic, a theory is a set of formulas that is closed under the rules of inference.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

A theory in First-Order Logic is a set of formulas that is deductively closed, meaning that all formulas that can be derived from the given set are also included in the theory.

The completeness theorem for First-Order Logic states that every consistent theory has a model.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The completeness theorem for First-Order Logic guarantees that if a theory is consistent, then there exists an interpretation that makes all the formulas in the theory true.

Which of the following is a decidable fragment of First-Order Logic?

  1. Propositional Logic

  2. Monadic Predicate Logic

  3. Full First-Order Logic

  4. Second-Order Logic


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Propositional Logic is a decidable fragment of First-Order Logic, meaning that there exists an algorithm that can determine whether a formula in Propositional Logic is satisfiable or not.

In First-Order Logic, the Herbrand universe of a set of formulas is the set of all ground terms that can be constructed from the constants and function symbols in the formulas.

  1. True

  2. False


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The Herbrand universe of a set of formulas in First-Order Logic is the set of all ground terms that can be constructed using the constants and function symbols that appear in the formulas.

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