Case studies are a type of qualitative research method, while surveys, experiments, and meta-analyses are all quantitative methods.

A research hypothesis is a tentative statement that guides the researcher in collecting and analyzing data to test the hypothesis.

Convenience sampling is not a probability sampling method, meaning that the sample is not selected randomly from the population.

All of the above statements are true. A population is a group of individuals, while a sample is a subset of that group. A population is larger than a sample, and a sample is representative of a population.

A t-test is a statistical test used to compare the means of two groups to determine if there is a significant difference between them.

A correlation shows a relationship between two variables, while a causation shows the cause of the relationship. A correlation can be positive or negative, and it does not necessarily imply causation.

A regression analysis is a statistical method used to predict the value of one variable based on another.

A mean is the average of a set of numbers, while a median is the middle value. A mean can be higher or lower than a median, depending on the distribution of the data.

A standard deviation is a statistical measure that quantifies the spread of a set of data.

A probability sample is selected randomly from the population, while a non-probability sample is not. Probability samples are generally more accurate than non-probability samples.

All of the above statements are true. A research design is a plan that guides the researcher in collecting and analyzing data, ensuring that the research is conducted ethically, and protecting the rights of human subjects.

All of the above statements are true. Qualitative research methods collect non-numerical data, are more subjective, and are more exploratory than quantitative research methods.

A meta-analysis is a statistical method used to combine the results of multiple studies to provide a more comprehensive and reliable estimate of the effect of a particular intervention or treatment.

All of the above statements are true. A dependent variable is the variable that is being measured, while an independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated. A dependent variable is always quantitative, while an independent variable can be qualitative or quantitative. A dependent variable is always affected by the independent variable.

All of the above statements are true. A research proposal is a document that outlines the research question, methodology, and expected outcomes of a research study. It is used to obtain funding for the research and to disseminate the research findings.