High ISO settings amplify the signal from the camera's sensor, which also amplifies the noise present in the image.

Noise reduction aims to eliminate or reduce unwanted artifacts, such as grain, speckles, or banding, that can degrade the overall image quality.

Temporal noise reduction combines multiple images taken in rapid succession to reduce noise while preserving image detail.

Spatial noise reduction techniques aim to selectively reduce noise in specific areas of an image, such as shadows or highlights, while preserving image detail.

Gaussian blur is a commonly used noise reduction technique that applies a Gaussian blur filter to an image, effectively smoothing out noise patterns.

Median filtering is effective at preserving image sharpness while reducing noise, making it suitable for images with fine details.

Frequency separation is a noise reduction technique that decomposes an image into its base and detail layers, allowing for selective noise reduction in each layer.

Wavelet denoising is particularly effective in reducing high-frequency noise, such as grain or speckles, while preserving image detail.

Anisotropic diffusion is a noise reduction technique that applies a diffusion equation to an image, allowing for selective smoothing of noise while preserving image edges.

Non-local means filtering is effective in reducing both random noise, such as grain, and structured noise, such as banding or striping.

Capture One is not a commonly used noise reduction software, although it does offer some noise reduction capabilities.

Dedicated noise reduction plugins often provide more advanced noise reduction algorithms and features compared to built-in noise reduction tools in photo editing software.

Applying noise reduction to an image multiple times can lead to excessive smoothing and loss of detail. It is generally recommended to apply noise reduction only once, or in moderation.

Using a high ISO setting can lead to reduced dynamic range, meaning the difference between the brightest and darkest areas of an image is compressed.

Gaussian noise is not a common type of noise in digital photography. It is more commonly associated with analog photography.