John Muir is widely recognized as the father of the modern environmental movement due to his influential writings and advocacy for the preservation of wilderness areas.

Rachel Carson's book 'Silent Spring', published in 1962, brought widespread attention to the dangers of pesticides and their impact on the environment.

The first Earth Day, held on April 22, 1970, was a landmark event that mobilized millions of people around the world to raise awareness about environmental issues.

David Brower, a prominent environmental activist, founded Friends of the Earth in 1969 as an international environmental organization focused on promoting sustainable practices and advocating for environmental protection.

Deep Ecology, a philosophical and environmental movement that gained prominence in the 1970s, emphasized the intrinsic value of all living beings and advocated for a more holistic approach to environmental protection.

Ken Saro-Wiwa, a Nigerian environmental activist, was a prominent figure in the environmental justice movement and advocated for the rights of indigenous communities affected by environmental degradation.

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty adopted in 1992 that sets out a global framework for addressing climate change.

Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan environmental and political activist, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 for her contributions to sustainable development, democracy, and peace.

The Earth Charter is an international declaration of fundamental principles for sustainability adopted in 2000 that provides a comprehensive framework for addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 interconnected global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to address various challenges, including poverty, inequality, and climate change.

Transition Towns is a global movement that emerged in the 2000s to promote community-led initiatives for sustainability and resilience in response to environmental and economic challenges.

Greta Thunberg, a Swedish environmental activist, gained prominence for her work on climate change and her efforts to raise awareness about the urgency of addressing the climate crisis.

Doughnut Economics is a holistic economic model developed by Kate Raworth that proposes a framework for sustainable development that considers both environmental and social boundaries.

Raoni Metuktire, a Brazilian indigenous leader and environmental activist, is known for his work in protecting the Amazon rainforest and advocating for the rights of indigenous peoples.

The Green New Deal is a global environmental movement that emerged in the 2020s and advocates for a comprehensive plan to address climate change and economic inequality through investments in renewable energy, infrastructure, and social programs.