The Indian philosophy of race primarily focuses on the cultural and social differences between races, rather than their biological or physical differences.

The Manusmriti, an ancient Indian legal text, is considered to be the foundation of the Indian philosophy of race. It contains various rules and regulations regarding the social and cultural differences between different castes and races.

Varna is the central concept of the Indian philosophy of race. It refers to the four main social classes or castes in ancient India: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.

The concept of Varna created a rigid social hierarchy based on birth, with Brahmins at the top and Shudras at the bottom. This hierarchy influenced the Indian philosophy of race by assigning different roles and privileges to different castes.

Brahmins were primarily religious leaders and scholars in ancient Indian society. They were responsible for performing religious rituals, studying and teaching sacred texts, and maintaining social order.

Jati, also known as caste, was based on occupation, while Varna was based on birth. Jati referred to the specific occupation or profession that a person belonged to, while Varna referred to their social class or caste.

The concept of Karma, which refers to the law of cause and effect, influenced the Indian philosophy of race by promoting the idea of reincarnation and rebirth. It suggested that one's actions in this life would determine their caste and social status in their next life.

Kshatriyas were primarily warriors and rulers in ancient Indian society. They were responsible for protecting the kingdom, maintaining law and order, and administering justice.

The concept of Dharma, which refers to one's duty or obligation, influenced the Indian philosophy of race by emphasizing the importance of following one's caste duties. It suggested that each caste had specific duties and responsibilities that they were expected to fulfill.

Vaishyas were primarily merchants and traders in ancient Indian society. They were responsible for trade, commerce, and economic activities.

The concept of Aryanism, which refers to the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race, influenced the Indian philosophy of race by promoting the idea of racial superiority of the Aryans. It suggested that the Aryans were superior to other races and had a divine right to rule over them.

Shudras were primarily farmers and laborers in ancient Indian society. They were responsible for agricultural work, manual labor, and other menial tasks.

The concept of Dravidianism, which refers to the belief in the superiority of the Dravidian race, influenced the Indian philosophy of race by promoting the idea of racial superiority of the Dravidians. It suggested that the Dravidians were superior to other races and had a divine right to rule over them.

The Indian philosophy of race evolved over time, particularly during the period of British colonialism. It was influenced by Western ideas of race and colonialism, which led to the introduction of new racial categories and hierarchies.

The Indian philosophy of race is still influential in certain religious and cultural contexts, although it has been largely abandoned in favor of modern scientific theories of race. Some aspects of the traditional Indian philosophy of race continue to shape social attitudes and practices in India.