Tamil is a Dravidian language, while Hindi, Urdu, and Bengali are all Indo-Aryan languages.

Hindi is the most widely spoken Indo-Aryan language, with over 500 million speakers worldwide.

Urdu has the largest number of native speakers outside of India, with over 100 million speakers in Pakistan and other countries.

Hindi is written in the Devanagari script, which is also used for Sanskrit and other Indo-Aryan languages.

Urdu is written in the Nasta'liq script, which is a modified form of the Persian script.

Bengali is written in the Bengali script, which is also used for Assamese and other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages.

Punjabi is written in the Gurmukhi script, which is also used for other Western Indo-Aryan languages.

Gujarati is written in the Gujarati script, which is also used for other Western Indo-Aryan languages.

Oriya is written in the Oriya script, which is also used for other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages.

Kannada is written in the Kannada script, which is also used for other Dravidian languages.

Telugu is written in the Telugu script, which is also used for other Dravidian languages.

Malayalam is written in the Malayalam script, which is also used for other Dravidian languages.

Sinhala is written in the Sinhala script, which is also used for other Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Sri Lanka.

Dhivehi is written in the Dhivehi script, which is also used for other Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Maldives.

Konkani is written in the Konkani script, which is also used for other Indo-Aryan languages spoken in the Konkan region of India.