Sociology of the environment is a subfield of sociology that examines the relationship between humans and the natural environment, including the impact of environmental factors on human behavior, the role of social institutions in shaping environmental outcomes, and the ways in which humans use and manage the environment.

Conflict theory argues that social inequality is the root cause of environmental degradation, as the wealthy and powerful exploit the environment for their own benefit at the expense of the poor and marginalized.

Environmental modification refers to the intentional or unintentional alteration of the natural environment by human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization, and pollution.

Environmental ethics is a branch of philosophy that explores the moral relationships between humans and the natural environment, including the ethical implications of human actions on the environment.

The environmental movement is a social movement that seeks to protect the natural environment and promote sustainability. It emerged in the 1960s and 1970s in response to growing concerns about environmental degradation.

Environmental awareness refers to the understanding and knowledge of environmental issues and problems, as well as the recognition of the importance of protecting the environment.

Participatory environmental governance emphasizes the importance of involving local communities and stakeholders in environmental decision-making, recognizing the value of local knowledge and experiences.

Ecological modernization refers to the use of technological and social innovations to reduce environmental impacts and promote sustainability.

The environmental justice movement seeks to address the disproportionate environmental burdens faced by marginalized communities and promote social and economic justice in environmental decision-making.

Sustainable development refers to the idea that economic growth and development can be achieved without compromising the environment or the well-being of future generations.

Cultural ecology examines the relationship between culture and the environment, emphasizing the role of cultural values and beliefs in shaping environmental attitudes and behaviors.

Social transformation refers to the fundamental changes in social and economic systems to address environmental problems, often involving shifts in values, beliefs, and power structures.

Social ecology emphasizes the interconnectedness of environmental and social issues, arguing that environmental problems cannot be solved without addressing social inequalities and power structures.

Intergenerational equity refers to the idea that the current generation has a moral obligation to protect the environment for the sake of future generations, ensuring that they have access to a healthy and sustainable planet.

Degrowth emphasizes the need to reduce consumption and promote sustainable lifestyles to address environmental problems, challenging the idea of perpetual economic growth.