Processual Archaeology emphasizes the role of technology and environmental factors in shaping human societies.

Post-Processual Archaeology emphasizes the importance of understanding the social and cultural context in which material culture is produced and used.

Cognitive Archaeology explores how human cognition and perception influence the production and use of material culture.

Environmental Archaeology focuses on the interaction between humans and their environment, examining how human activities impact the natural world.

Historical Archaeology studies human societies and cultures from historical periods, using archaeological methods to understand past events and processes.

Post-Processual Archaeology emphasizes the role of individual and group agency in shaping the archaeological record, recognizing the subjective and interpretive nature of archaeological data.

Processual Archaeology aims to understand the processes and mechanisms that drive cultural evolution and change over time.

Cognitive Archaeology uses cognitive mapping techniques to understand how individuals and groups perceive and navigate their environment.

Material Culture Studies focuses on the relationship between material culture and social structure, examining how material objects reflect and shape social identities, relationships, and power dynamics.

Historical Archaeology primarily relies on material culture, such as artifacts, structures, and ecofacts, to reconstruct past societies and cultures.

Post-Processual Archaeology emphasizes the role of ideology and belief systems in shaping the archaeological record, recognizing the subjective and interpretive nature of archaeological data.

Processual Archaeology considers culture as the primary unit of analysis, examining how cultural systems and processes shape human behavior and material culture.

Cognitive Archaeology explores how human cognition and perception influence the production and use of material culture.

Material Culture Studies focuses on the relationship between material culture and social structure, examining how material objects reflect and shape social identities, relationships, and power dynamics.

Historical Archaeology primarily relies on material culture, such as artifacts, structures, and ecofacts, to reconstruct past societies and cultures.