Economic inequality research encompasses the study of income and wealth distribution, its causes and consequences, and its impact on social welfare.

The Gini coefficient is a widely used measure of income inequality that ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).

The Kuznets curve hypothesis suggests that income inequality tends to follow an inverted U-shaped pattern as a country develops.

Technological change, globalization, and education inequality are among the factors that have been linked to higher levels of income inequality.

Income inequality has been associated with a range of negative social and economic consequences, including social unrest, political instability, reduced economic growth, and poorer health outcomes.

Relative deprivation refers to the subjective feeling of being worse off compared to others in society, even if one's absolute standard of living is improving.

Progressive taxation, universal basic income, and wealth tax are among the policy approaches that have been proposed to address income inequality through redistribution.

Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move up or down the economic ladder, either through their own efforts or through changes in the economic structure.

Strong labor unions, progressive taxation, and investment in education and healthcare are among the factors that have been linked to lower levels of income inequality.

The 'Great Gatsby Curve' refers to the relationship between income inequality and social mobility, suggesting that higher levels of income inequality tend to be associated with lower levels of social mobility.

Trickle-down economics is a theory that argues that reducing taxes on the wealthy and corporations will lead to increased investment and economic growth, which will eventually benefit all members of society.

Predistribution refers to policies and interventions aimed at reducing income inequality before it arises, such as investments in early childhood education and healthcare.

The World Inequality Lab is a research institute that publishes the annual World Inequality Report, which provides data and analysis on global income and wealth inequality.

Meritocracy refers to a system in which economic success is based on individual talent and effort, rather than factors such as family background or social connections.

The Palma ratio is an economic indicator that measures the share of national income earned by the top 1% of earners.