Art Nouveau, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 19th century, was characterized by its use of natural materials such as wood and stone, as well as its incorporation of organic forms and motifs.

Le Corbusier, a Swiss-French architect, is widely regarded as the father of modern architecture. He is known for his pioneering work in the development of the International Style, which emphasized simplicity, functionality, and the use of modern materials.

Architectural contextualism is a term used to describe the relationship between architecture and its social, cultural, and environmental context. It emphasizes the importance of designing buildings that are responsive to their surroundings and that reflect the values and aspirations of the community.

Deconstructivism, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by its use of fragmentation, distortion, and non-linear forms. It sought to challenge conventional notions of form and space and to create buildings that were visually striking and conceptually challenging.

Architectural regionalism is the belief that architecture should be a reflection of the culture and values of the society in which it is built. It emphasizes the importance of using local materials and traditional design elements to create buildings that are rooted in their specific context.

Modernism, an architectural movement that emerged in the early 20th century, is characterized by its emphasis on simple, geometric forms and the rejection of ornamentation. It sought to create buildings that were functional, efficient, and aesthetically pleasing.

Architectural psychology is the study of the relationship between architecture and human behavior. It investigates how the built environment can influence our thoughts, feelings, and actions, and how we can design buildings that promote well-being and productivity.

Deconstructivism, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by its use of fragmentation, distortion, and non-linear forms. It sought to create buildings that were visually striking and conceptually challenging, often through the use of unconventional materials and forms.

Architectural activism is the belief that architecture should be a form of social and political expression. It emphasizes the importance of using architecture to address social and environmental issues, and to create buildings that promote social justice and equality.

Critical Regionalism, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, emphasizes the use of traditional materials and forms, often in combination with modern technology. It seeks to create buildings that are rooted in their specific context and that reflect the culture and values of the local community.

Architectural ecology is the study of the relationship between architecture and the natural environment. It investigates how buildings can be designed to minimize their environmental impact and to promote sustainable living.

Postmodernism, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by its use of historical references and motifs in a playful and ironic manner. It sought to challenge the conventions of modern architecture and to create buildings that were visually engaging and conceptually challenging.

Architectural formalism is the belief that architecture should be a form of artistic expression, rather than a purely functional or technical endeavor. It emphasizes the importance of creating buildings that are visually striking and aesthetically pleasing, regardless of their practical or functional considerations.

High-tech architecture, an architectural movement that emerged in the late 20th century, is characterized by its use of new materials and technologies to create buildings that were lightweight, transparent, and visually striking. It sought to create buildings that were both functional and aesthetically pleasing, and that reflected the technological advancements of the time.

Architectural activism is the belief that architecture should be a form of social and political activism, aimed at addressing social and environmental issues. It emphasizes the importance of using architecture to create buildings that promote social justice, equality, and environmental sustainability.