Reverse osmosis is a more advanced water treatment method that is not typically used in conventional water treatment plants.

Filtration is used to remove suspended solids, such as dirt, sand, and other particles, from the water.

Sand filters are commonly used in conventional water treatment plants because they are effective at removing suspended solids and are relatively inexpensive to operate.

Disinfection is used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms that can cause disease.

Chlorine is commonly used for disinfection in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at killing bacteria and is relatively inexpensive.

Coagulation is used to cause suspended solids to clump together so that they can be more easily removed by filtration.

Alum is commonly used for coagulation in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at causing suspended solids to clump together and is relatively inexpensive.

Sedimentation is used to allow coagulated solids to settle out of the water so that they can be removed by filtration.

pH adjustment is used to adjust the acidity or basicity of the water to make it more suitable for drinking and to prevent corrosion of pipes.

Sodium hydroxide is commonly used for pH adjustment in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at raising the pH of the water and is relatively inexpensive.

Fluoridation is used to add fluoride to the water to help prevent tooth decay.

Sodium fluoride is commonly used for fluoridation in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at preventing tooth decay and is relatively inexpensive.

Corrosion control is used to prevent corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure that comes into contact with the water.

Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used for corrosion control in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at raising the pH of the water and preventing corrosion.

Taste and odor control is used to improve the taste and odor of the water so that it is more palatable to consumers.

Activated carbon is commonly used for taste and odor control in conventional water treatment plants because it is effective at removing organic compounds that can cause bad taste and odor.