In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus, leading to the formation of an association between the two stimuli.

Operant conditioning involves modifying behavior by manipulating its consequences. Positive consequences, such as rewards, increase the likelihood of a behavior, while negative consequences, such as punishments, decrease its likelihood.

Systematic desensitization is a technique used in behavior therapy to gradually expose a person to a feared stimulus while teaching them relaxation techniques to manage their anxiety.

Stimulus generalization occurs when a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus but not identical to it.

Extinction involves repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, leading to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the conditioned response.

Shaping involves reinforcing small, successive steps towards a desired behavior, gradually shaping the behavior into the desired form.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response after a period of extinction, even without the presentation of the conditioned stimulus.

Operant conditioning involves using reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior by increasing or decreasing the likelihood of specific behaviors.

Task analysis involves breaking down a complex behavior into its component parts, making it easier to teach and learn.

The unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that naturally and automatically elicits a response without prior learning.

Fading involves gradually reducing the amount of support or prompting provided as a person learns a new behavior, promoting independence.

In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.

Modeling involves observing and imitating the behavior of another person, often used to teach new behaviors or modify existing ones.

The conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that, through pairing with the unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Conditioned reinforcement involves using a neutral stimulus, such as a token or a sound, to signal the availability of a reinforcer, making the neutral stimulus itself reinforcing.