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Nyaya: The Science of Logic and Reasoning

Description: Nyaya is one of the six orthodox schools of Indian philosophy. It is also known as the science of logic and reasoning. Nyaya philosophy is based on the idea that knowledge is derived from perception, inference, and testimony. This quiz will test your understanding of the basic concepts of Nyaya philosophy.
Number of Questions: 15
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Tags: indian philosophy nyaya logic reasoning
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What is the primary goal of Nyaya philosophy?

  1. To attain moksha (liberation)

  2. To understand the nature of reality

  3. To develop a system of logic and reasoning

  4. To promote ethical conduct

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Nyaya philosophy is primarily concerned with developing a system of logic and reasoning that can be used to distinguish between valid and invalid arguments.

What are the three main sources of knowledge in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Perception, inference, and testimony

  2. Scripture, tradition, and reason

  3. Experience, intuition, and revelation

  4. Authority, dogma, and superstition

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

According to Nyaya philosophy, knowledge is derived from three main sources: perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), and testimony (shabda).

What is the definition of perception in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The direct and immediate awareness of an object

  2. The mental representation of an object

  3. The process of inferring the existence of an object

  4. The acceptance of an object as true based on testimony

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Perception in Nyaya philosophy is defined as the direct and immediate awareness of an object through the senses.

What are the three types of inference in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Deductive, inductive, and abductive

  2. Categorical, hypothetical, and disjunctive

  3. Valid, invalid, and sound

  4. Strong, weak, and fallacious

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

There are three types of inference in Nyaya philosophy: categorical (svārthanumāna), hypothetical (parārthanumāna), and disjunctive (vikalpanumāna).

What is the law of contradiction in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. A statement cannot be both true and false at the same time

  2. A statement cannot be true in one respect and false in another

  3. A statement cannot be true for one person and false for another

  4. A statement cannot be true at one time and false at another

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The law of contradiction is one of the fundamental principles of Nyaya philosophy. It states that a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time.

What is the law of excluded middle in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. A statement must be either true or false

  2. A statement cannot be both true and false

  3. A statement can be true for one person and false for another

  4. A statement can be true at one time and false at another

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The law of excluded middle is another fundamental principle of Nyaya philosophy. It states that a statement must be either true or false, there is no third possibility.

What is the syllogism in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. A logical argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

  2. A type of inference in which the conclusion is derived from two or more premises

  3. A method of reasoning in which a general principle is applied to a specific case

  4. A form of argument in which a conclusion is reached by examining the evidence

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The syllogism is a logical argument consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. The major premise states a general principle, the minor premise applies the general principle to a specific case, and the conclusion draws a conclusion from the two premises.

What are the three types of fallacies in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Formal, informal, and material

  2. Deductive, inductive, and abductive

  3. Categorical, hypothetical, and disjunctive

  4. Valid, invalid, and sound

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

There are three types of fallacies in Nyaya philosophy: formal fallacies, informal fallacies, and material fallacies.

What is the goal of Nyaya philosophy?

  1. To attain moksha (liberation)

  2. To understand the nature of reality

  3. To develop a system of logic and reasoning

  4. To promote ethical conduct

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The goal of Nyaya philosophy is to develop a system of logic and reasoning that can be used to distinguish between valid and invalid arguments.

What are the four main categories of existence in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. Substance, quality, action, and relation

  2. Matter, energy, space, and time

  3. Mind, body, soul, and spirit

  4. Good, evil, pleasure, and pain

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The four main categories of existence in Nyaya philosophy are substance (dravya), quality (guna), action (karma), and relation (sambandha).

What is the theory of atomism in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The theory that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms

  2. The theory that all matter is composed of four elements: earth, water, fire, and air

  3. The theory that all matter is composed of three gunas: sattva, rajas, and tamas

  4. The theory that all matter is composed of five skandhas: form, feeling, perception, volition, and consciousness

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Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The theory of atomism in Nyaya philosophy is the theory that all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms.

What is the concept of dharma in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The moral law of the universe

  2. The path of righteousness

  3. The duty of a person

  4. The ultimate goal of human life

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concept of dharma in Nyaya philosophy is the moral law of the universe. It is the law that governs the conduct of human beings and determines their moral obligations.

What is the concept of moksha in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth

  2. The attainment of the highest good

  3. The union of the soul with God

  4. The realization of the true self

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concept of moksha in Nyaya philosophy is the liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth. It is the ultimate goal of human life and is achieved through the cultivation of knowledge, virtue, and detachment.

What is the concept of avidya in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The ignorance of the true nature of reality

  2. The attachment to the material world

  3. The desire for pleasure

  4. The fear of death

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concept of avidya in Nyaya philosophy is the ignorance of the true nature of reality. It is the root cause of all suffering and is overcome through the cultivation of knowledge.

What is the concept of maya in Nyaya philosophy?

  1. The illusion of the material world

  2. The power of God

  3. The creative energy of the universe

  4. The mind of man

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The concept of maya in Nyaya philosophy is the illusion of the material world. It is the power that creates the appearance of the material world and is overcome through the cultivation of knowledge.

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