Dairy farming is primarily focused on raising cows to produce milk for human consumption. This milk is then processed and distributed to consumers in various forms, such as fresh milk, cheese, yogurt, and butter.

The average lifespan of a dairy cow is typically around 6-8 years. However, some cows may live longer, depending on factors such as genetics, health, and management practices.

Dairy cows are typically milked twice a day, usually in the morning and evening. This milking schedule helps to maintain a consistent milk production cycle and ensure the cow's health and well-being.

The process of removing milk from a cow is called milking. This can be done manually or using milking machines, which are designed to gently extract milk from the cow's udder.

Water is the primary component of milk, accounting for approximately 87%. The remaining components include protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Vitamin D is naturally present in milk and is essential for bone health. It helps the body absorb calcium and promotes bone mineralization.

Skimming is the process of separating cream from milk. This is done by allowing the milk to stand for a period of time, allowing the cream to rise to the top. The cream can then be skimmed off and used to make butter or other dairy products.

Pasteurization is the process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria. This process is named after Louis Pasteur, who developed it in the 19th century. Pasteurization helps to ensure the safety of milk for consumption.

Homogenization is the process of breaking down milk fat into smaller globules. This helps to prevent the cream from separating from the milk and gives it a smooth, consistent texture.

Yogurt is made by fermenting milk with lactic acid bacteria. This process gives yogurt its characteristic tangy flavor and creamy texture.

Cheese is made by coagulating milk proteins with rennet. This process causes the milk to form curds, which are then cut, heated, and pressed to form cheese.

Butter is made by churning cream. This process causes the fat in the cream to separate from the liquid, forming butter.

Ice cream is made by freezing a mixture of milk, cream, and sugar. This mixture is churned while it is being frozen, which incorporates air and gives ice cream its smooth, creamy texture.

Evaporation is the process of removing water from milk to make it more concentrated. This process is used to make evaporated milk, condensed milk, and powdered milk.

Fortification is the process of adding vitamins and minerals to milk to make it more nutritious. This process is often used to ensure that milk meets certain nutritional standards.