Neumes are a system of musical notation that originated in the 9th century. They are small symbols that are placed above the text of a chant to indicate the pitch and rhythm of the melody.

Staff notation is a system of musical notation that uses a staff of five lines and four spaces to represent the pitch of notes. The lines and spaces are named after the notes A, B, C, D, and E.

Solfege is a system of musical notation that uses letters to represent the pitch of notes. The letters are C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.

Tablature is a system of musical notation that uses numbers to represent the pitch of notes. The numbers are placed on a grid that represents the strings of a guitar or other fretted instrument.

Chords are a group of notes that are played together. They are not a type of musical notation.

A clef is a symbol that is placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the pitch of the notes. The most common clefs are the treble clef, the bass clef, and the alto clef.

A key signature is a group of sharps or flats that are placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the key of the musical piece.

A time signature is a group of numbers that are placed at the beginning of a staff to indicate the number of beats in a measure and the value of each beat.

A double bar is a symbol that is used to indicate the end of a musical piece.

A repeat sign is a symbol that is used to indicate that a section of music should be repeated.

A coda is a symbol that is used to indicate the end of a piece of music.

A fine is a symbol that is used to indicate the end of a piece of music.

A da capo is a symbol that is used to indicate that a piece of music should be repeated from the beginning.

A fermata is a symbol that is used to indicate that a note should be held for a longer duration than its normal value.

A trill is a symbol that is used to indicate that a note should be played rapidly alternating with the note above it.