Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences proposes that intelligence is not a single, unitary ability, but rather a collection of distinct and relatively independent abilities, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and interpersonal intelligence.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence consists of three components: componential intelligence (analytical and problem-solving abilities), experiential intelligence (ability to learn from experience), and contextual intelligence (ability to adapt to and succeed in different environments). Fluid intelligence, which refers to the ability to solve novel problems and reason abstractly, is not a component of this theory.

Spearman's Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence posits that intelligence is composed of a general factor, denoted as 'g', which represents a person's overall intellectual ability, and specific factors, denoted as 's', which represent abilities specific to particular tasks or domains.

Torrance's Theory of Creative Thinking defines creativity as the ability to generate novel, useful, and aesthetically pleasing ideas. It emphasizes the importance of divergent thinking, fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration in the creative process.

Guilford's Structure-of-Intellect Model proposes that intelligence consists of a variety of distinct abilities, including divergent production, which is the ability to generate multiple and diverse ideas, and convergent production, which is the ability to find a single correct solution to a problem.

Sternberg's Investment Theory of Creativity identifies four components of the creative process: synthesis (combining existing ideas into new ones), analysis (breaking down complex ideas into simpler ones), evaluation (judging the value or worth of ideas), and incubation (allowing ideas to gestate and develop over time).

Lateral thinking is a cognitive process that involves generating creative ideas by exploring different perspectives, making unusual connections, and challenging assumptions. It is often contrasted with convergent thinking, which focuses on finding a single correct solution to a problem.

Lubart's PASS Theory of Creativity proposes that creativity is influenced by four main factors: person (cognitive abilities, personality traits, and motivation), process (cognitive strategies and techniques used to generate creative ideas), product (the creative outcome itself), and situation (environmental and cultural factors that support or hinder creativity).

Fluency is a component of creativity that refers to the ability to generate a large number of ideas in a short period of time. It is often measured by tasks such as brainstorming or word association.

Divergent thinking is a cognitive process that involves generating multiple and diverse ideas, exploring different perspectives, and challenging assumptions. It is often contrasted with convergent thinking, which focuses on finding a single correct solution to a problem.

Resilience is the ability to adapt and thrive in the face of adversity, setbacks, and challenges. It involves bouncing back from difficult experiences, learning from them, and growing stronger as a result.

Sternberg's Investment Theory of Creativity proposes that creativity is influenced by the interaction between cognitive abilities, such as intelligence and divergent thinking, and personality traits, such as risk-taking and openness to experience.

Synthesis is a cognitive process that involves combining existing ideas, concepts, or elements into a new and original whole. It is often used in creative problem-solving and innovation.

Guilford's Structure-of-Intellect Model proposes that intelligence consists of a variety of distinct abilities, including cognition (the ability to acquire and use knowledge), memory (the ability to store and retrieve information), divergent production (the ability to generate multiple and diverse ideas), and evaluation (the ability to judge the value or worth of ideas).

Originality is a component of creativity that refers to the ability to generate ideas that are both novel (new and different) and useful (practical and valuable).