Optical observatories are equipped with telescopes that collect and focus visible light from celestial objects, allowing astronomers to study their properties and characteristics.

The Vainu Bappu Observatory, located in Kavalur, Tamil Nadu, houses the largest optical telescope in India, with a primary mirror diameter of 2.34 meters.

Cosmic ray observatories are specialized facilities dedicated to detecting and studying cosmic rays, which are high-energy particles that originate from outside the Earth's atmosphere.

The Ooty Radio Telescope is a standalone facility located in Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, and is dedicated to radio astronomy observations.

Infrared observatories are equipped with telescopes that are sensitive to infrared radiation, allowing astronomers to study objects that emit or reflect infrared light.

The Himalayan Chandra Telescope is part of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, located in Hanle, Ladakh, and is used for optical and infrared observations.

X-ray observatories are equipped with telescopes that are sensitive to X-ray radiation, allowing astronomers to study high-energy phenomena and objects like black holes and neutron stars.

The X-ray Astronomy Satellite (XSAT) is a collaborative project between India and Russia, aimed at studying celestial objects in the X-ray wavelength range.

Neutrino observatories are specialized facilities dedicated to detecting and studying neutrinos, which are subatomic particles that are extremely difficult to detect due to their weak interactions.

The India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO) is located in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu, and is designed to study neutrinos and other cosmic particles.

Ultraviolet observatories are equipped with telescopes that are sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, allowing astronomers to study hot stars, active galaxies, and other objects that emit ultraviolet light.

The AstroSat satellite is a multi-wavelength space observatory launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2015, and is designed to study celestial objects in various wavelength ranges.

Gamma-ray observatories are equipped with telescopes that are sensitive to gamma-ray radiation, allowing astronomers to study high-energy phenomena like supernovae, black holes, and active galactic nuclei.

The Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope (MAGIC) is located on the Canary Islands, Spain, and is used to study gamma-ray emissions from celestial objects.

Submillimeter observatories are equipped with telescopes that are sensitive to submillimeter radiation, allowing astronomers to study cold dust and gas in star-forming regions, galaxies, and other cosmic environments.