The primary function of lighting is to illuminate the subject, making it visible to the camera.

Soft light is a type of lighting that is diffused and evenly distributed, resulting in a soft, shadowless effect.

A backlight is used to create a rim light effect, which is a thin line of light that outlines the subject, separating it from the background.

Backlighting involves placing the light source directly behind the subject, creating a silhouette or emphasizing the subject's outline.

Hard light creates sharp shadows, is more directional, and is more intense compared to soft light, which creates diffused shadows, is more diffused, and is less intense.

Hard light is often used to create a dramatic effect by casting long, harsh shadows, which can add depth and texture to the scene.

A fill light is used to reduce shadows and create a more even distribution of light on the subject, resulting in a softer, more flattering look.

Top lighting involves placing the light source above and slightly behind the subject, creating a natural-looking light that simulates the sun's position.

Color temperature refers to the temperature of the light source, which determines its hue, while white balance is the camera's adjustment to match the color temperature, ensuring accurate color reproduction.

Sidelighting involves placing the light source to the side of the subject, creating a directional light that emphasizes texture and depth.

A reflector is used to bounce light back onto the subject, reducing shadows and creating a more even distribution of light.

Front lighting involves placing the light source directly in front of the subject, creating a flat, even light that reduces shadows and emphasizes detail.

Key light is the main light source that illuminates the subject, fill light reduces shadows and creates a more even distribution of light, and backlight creates a rim light effect, separating the subject from the background.

Bottom lighting involves placing the light source below the subject, creating a dramatic, theatrical effect with strong shadows and highlights.

A diffuser is used to soften the light, reducing harsh shadows and creating a more even, diffused light.