Harmony, as we know it today, did not exist in medieval music. Instead, medieval music was characterized by the use of polyphony and monophony.

The motet was a popular musical form in the Middle Ages that consisted of multiple voices singing different melodies simultaneously.

The lute was a commonly used instrument in medieval music. It is a stringed instrument that is played by plucking the strings with a plectrum.

Neumes were a system of musical notation that was used in the Middle Ages. They were small symbols that were placed above the text of a song to indicate the pitch of the melody.

Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer who lived in the 14th century. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in medieval music because of his contributions to the development of polyphony and the motet.

Ars nova was a musical genre that emerged in the late Middle Ages and was characterized by the use of secular texts and a more lively and dance-like style.

Ars nova music was characterized by the use of polyphony, harmony, and syncopation. Monophony, on the other hand, is not a characteristic of Ars nova music.

The madrigal was a popular musical form in the late Middle Ages that consisted of a short, lyrical poem that was set to music.

The lute was a commonly used instrument in Ars nova music. It is a stringed instrument that is played by plucking the strings with a plectrum.

Staff notation was the musical notation system that was used in the late Middle Ages. It is a system of writing music that uses a staff of five lines and four spaces to indicate the pitch of the melody.

Guillaume de Machaut was a French composer who lived in the 14th century. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in Ars nova music because of his contributions to the development of polyphony and the motet.

Organum was a musical genre that emerged in the 13th century and was characterized by the use of a single melody line with a drone accompaniment.

The portative organ was a commonly used instrument in organum music. It is a small, portable organ that is played by hand.

Neumes were the musical notation system that was used in organum music. They were small symbols that were placed above the text of a song to indicate the pitch of the melody.

Perotin was a French composer who lived in the 13th century. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in organum music because of his contributions to the development of the genre.