The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is widely recognized as the cornerstone of international migration law. It sets forth fundamental human rights and freedoms, including the right to freedom of movement.

The 1951 Refugee Convention is a landmark international treaty that defines the term 'refugee' and establishes a system for refugee protection. It sets out the rights and responsibilities of refugees and the obligations of states to protect them.

The principle of non-refoulement is a fundamental principle of international refugee law that prohibits the return of a refugee to a country where they face persecution. It is enshrined in Article 33 of the 1951 Refugee Convention.

The Global Compact for Migration is a non-binding agreement adopted by the United Nations in 2018. Its main objective is to promote safe, orderly, and regular migration and to address the challenges associated with migration.

The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is the primary U.S. law that governs the admission of immigrants into the United States. It sets forth the requirements for obtaining visas, green cards, and citizenship.

The European Union's Common European Asylum System (CEAS) aims to harmonize asylum procedures across EU member states, ensuring that asylum seekers are treated fairly and consistently.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) is the leading inter-governmental organization responsible for coordinating global efforts to address migration issues.

Urbanization refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. It is a global trend that has been occurring for centuries.

The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families is the primary international treaty that protects the rights of migrant workers.

Migration refers to the movement of people from one country to another. It can be voluntary or forced, and it can be temporary or permanent.

The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is the primary U.S. agency responsible for enforcing immigration laws.

Internal migration refers to the movement of people from one region of a country to another.

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the leading international organization responsible for promoting labor migration and protecting the rights of migrant workers.

Immigration refers to the movement of people from one country to another with the intention of settling permanently.

The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) is the primary U.S. law that governs the deportation of non-citizens from the United States.