Constantinople, the modern-day Istanbul, was the capital of the Byzantine Empire for over a thousand years.

Constantine the Great, who ruled from 306 to 337 CE, is considered the first emperor of the Byzantine Empire.

Greek was the official language of the Byzantine Empire, although Latin was also used in some areas.

Justinian I, who ruled from 527 to 565 CE, is known for his extensive legal reforms, including the compilation of the Justinian Code.

The Great Schism, which occurred in 1054 CE, led to the separation of the Eastern Orthodox Church from the Roman Catholic Church.

Leo III, who ruled from 717 to 741 CE, is known for his successful defense of Constantinople against the Arab siege in 717-718 CE.

The Byzantine Empire was divided into administrative divisions called themes, which were military and administrative districts.

Leo III, who ruled from 717 to 741 CE, is known for his iconoclastic policies, which prohibited the veneration of religious images.

The Byzantine Empire's currency was called the nomisma, which was a gold coin.

Basil II, who ruled from 976 to 1025 CE, is known for his military conquests and the expansion of the Byzantine Empire's territory.

The Byzantine Empire's legal code was called the Justinian Code, which was compiled under the reign of Emperor Justinian I.

Alexios I Komnenos, who ruled from 1081 to 1118 CE, is known for his reforms of the Byzantine Empire's administrative and military systems.

The Byzantine Empire's main religious building was Hagia Sophia, which was a large and ornate church in Constantinople.

Manuel I Komnenos, who ruled from 1143 to 1180 CE, is known for his efforts to revive the Byzantine Empire's power and influence.

The Byzantine Empire's last emperor was Constantine XI Palaiologos, who ruled from 1449 to 1453 CE.