Experimental studies are a type of quantitative research design in which the researcher manipulates one or more independent variables to observe the effects on one or more dependent variables.

A literature review serves all of the purposes listed above. It summarizes existing research on a topic, identifies gaps in the research literature, and helps to develop a research hypothesis.

Interviews are a type of qualitative data collection method in which the researcher asks participants open-ended questions to gather their perspectives and experiences.

In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is being manipulated by the researcher, while the dependent variable is the variable that is being measured to see how it is affected by the manipulation of the independent variable.

A research hypothesis serves all of the purposes listed above. It provides a tentative explanation for a phenomenon, guides the research study, and helps the researcher interpret the results of the study.

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe data, while inferential statistics are used to make inferences about a population based on a sample.

A correlation is a relationship between two variables, while a causation is a relationship in which one variable causes the other. A correlation does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other, but it can suggest that there is a relationship between the two variables.

A research design serves all of the purposes listed above. It outlines the steps that will be taken in the research study, ensures that the research study is conducted in a valid and reliable manner, and helps the researcher interpret the results of the study.

Selection bias occurs when the participants in a research study are not representative of the population that the study is intended to generalize to. Confounding bias occurs when two or more variables are related in such a way that it is difficult to determine which variable is causing the observed effect. Measurement bias occurs when the research instrument does not accurately measure the variable that it is intended to measure.

A pilot study serves all of the purposes listed above. It tests the feasibility of a research study, identifies potential problems with the research design, and collects preliminary data.

Informed consent is the process of obtaining permission from participants to participate in a research study. Confidentiality is the protection of participants' privacy. Anonymity is the protection of participants' identity.

Qualitative research studies are based on subjective data, such as participants' experiences and perspectives, while quantitative research studies are based on objective data, such as numbers and statistics.

A research proposal serves all of the purposes listed above. It outlines the research study that the researcher plans to conduct, obtains funding for the research study, and gets feedback from other researchers on the research study.

Surveys, interviews, focus groups, and observational studies are all types of research methods that can be used to collect data for a research study.

A population is the entire group of individuals that the researcher is interested in studying, while a sample is a subset of the population that the researcher actually studies. The researcher selects a sample from the population in order to collect data that can be used to generalize to the entire population.