The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, adopted in 1961, is the primary international legal instrument that addresses statelessness. It defines statelessness, sets out the rights of stateless persons, and establishes obligations on states to prevent and reduce statelessness.

According to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, a stateless person is someone who is not considered a national by any state under the operation of its law. This definition includes people who have never been granted citizenship by any state, as well as people who have lost their citizenship.

Statelessness can be caused by a variety of factors, including discrimination, state succession, armed conflict, and natural disasters. Discrimination against certain groups of people, such as ethnic minorities or religious minorities, can lead to statelessness. State succession, when one state replaces another, can also result in statelessness if the new state does not recognize the citizenship of the people who were previously citizens of the old state. Armed conflict can also lead to statelessness, as people may be forced to flee their country and may not be able to obtain citizenship in the country to which they have fled. Natural disasters can also cause statelessness, as people may lose their documentation proving their nationality and may not be able to obtain new documentation.

Statelessness can have a devastating impact on people's lives. Stateless persons often lack access to basic services, such as education, healthcare, and social security. They may also face discrimination and xenophobia. Statelessness can also lead to poverty, as stateless persons may be unable to find work or own property.

States that are party to the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness have a number of obligations, including the obligation to prevent and reduce statelessness, to grant citizenship to stateless persons, and to provide stateless persons with access to basic services.

The UNHCR plays a vital role in addressing statelessness. The UNHCR provides protection and assistance to stateless persons, promotes the implementation of the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness, and advocates for the rights of stateless persons.

The Global Action Plan to End Statelessness is a plan to eradicate statelessness by 2024. The plan was adopted by the UN General Assembly in 2014 and sets out a number of goals and targets for states to achieve in order to end statelessness.

According to the UNHCR, there are currently an estimated 15 million stateless persons in the world.

Myanmar has the largest population of stateless persons in the world, with an estimated 1.1 million stateless persons.

The main difference between a refugee and a stateless person is that refugees have been forced to flee their country of origin due to a well-founded fear of persecution, while stateless persons have never had a nationality.

The main difference between a stateless person and an undocumented migrant is that stateless persons are not citizens of any country, while undocumented migrants are citizens of a country but do not have the necessary documentation to prove their citizenship.

There are a number of challenges in addressing statelessness, including discrimination, lack of political will, and lack of resources. Discrimination against stateless persons can make it difficult for them to access basic services and to obtain citizenship. Lack of political will can also be a barrier to addressing statelessness, as governments may not be willing to take the necessary steps to prevent and reduce statelessness. Lack of resources can also be a challenge, as governments may not have the necessary resources to provide stateless persons with the necessary assistance and protection.

There are a number of best practices in addressing statelessness, including birth registration, legal aid, and public awareness campaigns. Birth registration is essential for preventing statelessness, as it ensures that all children are registered at birth and have a legal identity. Legal aid can help stateless persons to obtain the necessary documentation to prove their nationality or to apply for citizenship. Public awareness campaigns can help to raise awareness of the issue of statelessness and to encourage governments to take action to address it.

It is unlikely that statelessness will be eradicated by 2024, as there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome. However, it is possible that statelessness will be reduced by 50% by 2024 if states take the necessary steps to prevent and reduce statelessness. It is also possible that statelessness will continue to exist, but it will be better managed, as governments become more aware of the issue and take steps to address it. However, it is also possible that statelessness will continue to exist and will become a more serious problem, as the number of stateless persons increases due to factors such as discrimination, state succession, armed conflict, and natural disasters.

Individuals can help to address statelessness by learning about the issue, supporting organizations that are working to address statelessness, and advocating for the rights of stateless persons. By raising awareness of the issue of statelessness, individuals can help to put pressure on governments to take action to address it. By supporting organizations that are working to address statelessness, individuals can help to provide stateless persons with the necessary assistance and protection. By advocating for the rights of stateless persons, individuals can help to ensure that stateless persons are treated with dignity and respect.