Biomedical systems encompass various physiological systems in the human body, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems.

Biomedical modeling aims to create mathematical or computational representations of biological systems to study their behavior, predict outcomes, and gain insights into their underlying mechanisms.

The Hodgkin-Huxley model, FitzHugh-Nagumo model, and Beeler-Reuter model are all mathematical models used to represent the electrical activity of the heart.

Finite element analysis is a numerical technique used to analyze the mechanical behavior of biological tissues, simulate blood flow patterns, study drug delivery mechanisms, and perform various other types of biomedical simulations.

X-ray is the most commonly used imaging modality for diagnosing bone fractures due to its accessibility, low cost, and ability to provide clear images of bones.

MRI utilizes strong magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to align and excite hydrogen atoms in the body, generating signals that are used to create detailed images of tissues and organs.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a biomedical signal that records the electrical activity of the heart and is commonly used for monitoring heart rate and detecting heart abnormalities.

Bioinformatics involves the analysis of biological data, including DNA sequences, protein structures, and gene expression profiles, to gain insights into biological processes, develop new drugs and therapies, and design medical devices.

Compartmental models, agent-based models, and cellular automata models are all types of biomedical models used to study the spread of infectious diseases.

Medical imaging plays a crucial role in biomedical research by providing detailed visualizations of biological structures and processes, aiding in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases, and guiding medical interventions.

Drug delivery systems are biomedical systems designed to deliver drugs to specific tissues or organs in a controlled and targeted manner.

Biomechanics encompasses the study of the mechanical properties of biological tissues, the analysis of forces and movements of the human body, and the design of medical devices and implants.

Cellular automata models are used to simulate the behavior of individual cells by representing them as discrete entities that interact with each other according to a set of rules.

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used in biomedical modeling to simulate blood flow patterns, analyze the mechanics of heart valves, study drug delivery mechanisms, and perform various other types of fluid-related simulations.

Medical devices are biomedical systems designed to monitor and regulate physiological parameters, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels.