Bakha, the protagonist of Mulk Raj Anand's "Untouchable", belongs to the Shudra caste, which is considered the lowest in the traditional Hindu caste system.

The central conflict in Arundhati Roy's "The God of Small Things" is the forbidden love between Ammu, a high-caste Syrian Christian woman, and Velutha, a Paravan, who belongs to a lower caste.

Hori Mahto, the protagonist of Premchand's "Potheri Ka Gaon", belongs to the Shudra caste, which is considered the lowest in the traditional Hindu caste system.

Raju, the protagonist of R.K. Narayan's "The Guide", belongs to the Shudra caste, which is considered the lowest in the traditional Hindu caste system.

Birsa Munda, the protagonist of Mahasweta Devi's "Hajar Churashir Maa", belongs to the Munda tribe, an indigenous community in India.

Selvi, the protagonist of Bama's "Karukku", belongs to the Dalit caste, which is considered the lowest in the traditional Hindu caste system.

Piya Roy, the protagonist of Amitav Ghosh's "The Hungry Tide", belongs to the Brahmin caste, which is considered the highest in the traditional Hindu caste system.

The significance of Saleem Sinai's birth at the stroke of midnight on the day of India's independence is multifaceted. It symbolizes his special connection to India, foreshadows his role in India's future, and represents the birth of a new era for India.

Gogol Ganguli's struggle with his identity as an Indian-American is multifaceted. He feels disconnected from his Indian heritage, experiences discrimination from his American peers, and is unable to reconcile his two cultures.

Lata Mehra's decision in finding a suitable husband is influenced by a combination of factors, including her family's expectations, her own desires and aspirations, and the social and cultural norms of her time.

Bimla's struggle with her role as a wife and mother is multifaceted. She feels suffocated by her domestic responsibilities, longs for a more fulfilling life beyond her family, and is unable to connect with her children.

Anjum, the transgender protagonist of Arundhati Roy's "The Ministry of Utmost Happiness", faces a multitude of challenges in her life, including discrimination and prejudice from society, lack of acceptance from her family and friends, and struggles with her own identity and self-acceptance.

Sai, the protagonist of Kiran Desai's "The Inheritance of Loss", encounters a combination of challenges in her new life in the United States, including cultural and linguistic barriers, loneliness and isolation, and financial difficulties.

Rajkumar, the protagonist of Amitav Ghosh's "The Glass Palace", encounters a multitude of challenges in his new country, Burma, including political instability and violence, cultural and linguistic barriers, and discrimination and prejudice from the local population.

Balram Halwai, the protagonist of Aravind Adiga's "The White Tiger", encounters a combination of challenges in his new life in Delhi, including poverty and inequality, exploitation and abuse, and corruption and injustice.