In the 21st century, Indian mathematics has shifted its focus towards applying mathematical knowledge to address various challenges and opportunities in fields such as technology, healthcare, finance, and environmental sustainability.

Data science and machine learning have gained significant attention in Indian mathematics due to their potential applications in various fields, including healthcare, finance, and manufacturing.

Indian mathematicians are actively involved in developing new AI algorithms, applying AI techniques to solve mathematical problems, and exploring the use of AI to improve mathematical education.

Indian mathematics faces several challenges, including limited funding for research, the emigration of skilled mathematicians to other countries, and a shortage of adequate infrastructure and resources for mathematical research.

To foster the growth of mathematics in India, it is essential to increase funding for research, promote collaboration between mathematicians and researchers from other fields, and enhance mathematical education at all levels.

Indian mathematics has the potential to contribute to addressing global challenges by developing mathematical models for climate prediction, optimizing resource allocation for sustainable development, and creating mathematical tools for environmental monitoring.

Indian mathematics can contribute to the growth of FinTech by developing mathematical models for risk assessment, creating algorithms for fraud detection, and designing mathematical tools for portfolio optimization.

Indian mathematics has the potential to contribute to healthcare by developing mathematical models for disease spread, creating algorithms for drug discovery, and designing mathematical tools for personalized medicine.

Indian mathematics can be applied to supply chain management by developing mathematical models for inventory optimization, creating algorithms for routing and scheduling, and designing mathematical tools for demand forecasting.

Indian mathematics can contribute to the development of smart cities by developing mathematical models for traffic flow optimization, creating algorithms for energy management, and designing mathematical tools for urban planning.

Indian mathematics can be applied to cybersecurity by developing mathematical models for risk assessment, creating algorithms for intrusion detection, and designing mathematical tools for encryption and decryption.

Indian mathematics has the potential to contribute to education by developing mathematical models for student learning, creating algorithms for personalized learning, and designing mathematical tools for assessment and evaluation.

Indian mathematics can be applied to promote financial inclusion and economic development by developing mathematical models for microfinance, creating algorithms for credit scoring, and designing mathematical tools for financial literacy.

Indian mathematics can contribute to the development of renewable energy technologies by developing mathematical models for solar energy optimization, creating algorithms for wind energy forecasting, and designing mathematical tools for energy storage.

Indian mathematics can be applied to agriculture by developing mathematical models for crop yield prediction, creating algorithms for irrigation optimization, and designing mathematical tools for pest and disease management.